Abaphindayo: Amahabhu Okuvuselelwa Kwesiginali Kumanethiwekhi Okuxhumana

Abaphindayo bayingqalasizinda ebalulekile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zesimanje. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukubhekana nokuwohloka kwesignali okubangelwa ukuncishiswa kwebanga noma ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokudlulisela. Njengengxenye eyinhloko yesendlalelo esibonakalayo, abaphindayo basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunembile bokucubungula isignali ye-elekthronikhi ukuze banwebe ngokuthembekile izixhumanisi zokuxhumana.

Ngobuchwepheshe, abaphindayo basebenza-ngemodi ephindwe kabili, bekhulisa, balolonge, futhi babuyisela isikhathi isiginali yoqobo encishisiwe ekugcineni kokwamukela. Lapho izimpawu zikagesi noma zamehlo zihamba amabanga amade, ubude bazo buyobola kancane kancane futhi namagagasi azo ahlanekezelwe. Lokhu kuhlanekezela kungakhuphula izilinganiso zamaphutha kancane ekugcineni kokwamukela. Abaphindayo babuyisela amandla esignali kusetshenziswa{4}}amasekhethi okukhulisa ukunemba okuphezulu futhi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubunjwa kwe-waveform ukuze kuqedwe ukuphazamiseka komsindo, ekugcineni kudluliselwe kabusha isignali ecutshunguliwe, ehlanzekile iye endaweni yokudlulisela elandelayo. Ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber-i-optic, abaphindayo be-optoelectronic bangakwazi nokusebenza ukubona-kuya{8}}kugesi-kuya{10}}ukuguqulwa kwe-optical, kunwebe ngempumelelo amabanga okudlulisa i-fiber ukuya kumakhulu amakhilomitha.

Abaphindayo banezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kumanethiwekhi endabuko anezintambo,{1}}i-Ethernet esontekile isebenzisa amahabhu (empeleni iziphindaphinda) ukuxhuma amanodi amaningi; iziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo zithembele eziteshini ezidluliswayo ukuze zandise ukusabalala; kanye nemishini yokuhlola indawo ejulile incike ochungechungeni lwamasathelayithi okudluliselana ukuze kwakhiwe ibhuloho lokuxhumana phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga. Ku-inthanethi Yezimboni Yesimanje Yezinto, ukuphazamiseka{3}}okuphindaphindayo kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinzima.

Ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, abaphindayo abahlakaniphile manje banezici ezithuthukile ezifana nokulawula inzuzo eguquguqukayo kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. Naphezu kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo-kwamadivayisi ezinga eliphezulu kumodeli ye-OSI, abaphindayo, ngobulula nokuthembeka kwabo, bagcina isimo esingenakuthathelwa indawo ekwakhiweni kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana ayisisekelo, okuba ingxenye eyisisekelo ekwakheni umhlaba wedijithali oxhumeke emhlabeni jikelele.